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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Spin-Orbit Torque Vector Quantification in Nanoscale Magnetic Tunnel Junctions.

Kiran Kumar Vudya Sethu1,2, Farrukh Yasin1, Johan Swerts1

  • 1IMEC, Kapledreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.

ACS Nano
|May 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers quantified spin-orbit torque (SOT) components in nanoscale SOT magnetic tunnel junctions. They found the field-like torque is significantly larger than the antidamping torque, crucial for SOT-MRAM development.

Keywords:
Rashba effectStoner−Wohlfarth astroidantidamping torquefieldlike torquemagnetic tunnel junctionspin Hall effectspin−orbit torques

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Area of Science:

  • Spintronics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Spin-orbit torques (SOT) enable ultrafast, energy-efficient magnetization switching for SOT-MRAM.
  • Tailoring SOT components, antidamping (T_AD) and field-like (T_FL) torques, is key for advanced SOT-MRAM.
  • Quantifying SOT vector components and efficiencies (χ_AD, χ_FL) in nanoscale devices is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a method for quantifying longitudinal (T_AD) and transverse (T_FL) SOT components and their efficiencies (χ_AD, χ_FL) in nanoscale three-terminal SOT magnetic tunnel junctions (SOT-MTJ).
  • To compare SOT efficiencies in nanoscale SOT-MTJs with micrometer-sized devices.
  • To elucidate the dominant role of T_FL in magnetization dynamics within SOT-MTJs.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of SOT efficiencies (χ_AD, χ_FL) by analyzing the modulation of magnetization reversal switching fields (B_SF) due to SOT effective fields (B_SOT) in SOT-MTJs.
  • Utilizing micromagnetic and macrospin simulations to validate experimental findings and reproduce Stoner-Wohlfarth astroid behavior.
  • Determining the threshold current for current-induced magnetization switching under a transverse magnetic field.

Main Results:

  • In nanoscale W/CoFeB SOT-MTJs, χ_FL was found to be twice χ_AD.
  • χ_FL in nanoscale SOT-MTJs was 6 times larger than in micrometer-sized W/CoFeB Hall-bar devices.
  • Simulations confirmed that χ_FL > χ_AD is necessary to reproduce experimental SOT-MTJ hysteresis loop behavior.
  • T_FL plays a more significant role than T_AD in SOT-MTJ magnetization dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • A robust method for quantifying SOT vector components and efficiencies in nanoscale SOT-MTJs has been established.
  • Nanoscale SOT-MTJs exhibit significantly enhanced field-like SOT efficiency compared to larger devices.
  • The prominent role of T_FL in nanoscale SOT-MTJs suggests potential for further optimization of SOT-MRAM performance, with nonlocal spin currents meriting further investigation.