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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
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Atomically Resolved Phase Coexistence in VO2 Thin Films.

Masoud Ahmadi1, Atul Atul1, Sytze de Graaf1

  • 1Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.

ACS Nano
|May 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers resolved intermediate monoclinic (M2) phase nanolayers in vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films using atomic-resolution electron microscopy. This reveals crucial details about structural transitions in functional oxides.

Keywords:
VO2 thin filmselectron microscopymetal−insulator transitionoxygen imagingtransitional phases

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Concurrent structural and electronic transformations in vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films are critical for device applications.
  • Understanding the atomic structure, especially the role of oxygen, is essential but challenging.
  • Previous analyses lacked detailed real-space atomic resolution, obscuring intermediate phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve detailed real-space atomic structure analysis of VO2 thin films, resolving both vanadium (V) and oxygen (O) atomic columns.
  • To identify and characterize elusive intermediate atomic structures during phase transitions.
  • To investigate the influence of strain on the observed structural phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced atomic-resolution electron microscopy.
  • Performed quantitative analysis to resolve V and O atomic columns.
  • Conducted strain analysis near the TiO2/VO2 interface.

Main Results:

  • Directly resolved both V and O atomic columns in epitaxially grown VO2 films on a TiO2 (001) substrate.
  • Discovered the presence of intermediate monoclinic (M2) phase nanolayers ( < 2 nm thick).
  • Observed the dominant VO2 transition from tetragonal (rutile) to monoclinic (M1) phase, with M2 phase linked to local strain gradients.

Conclusions:

  • Imaging oxygen anions alongside vanadium cations is crucial for understanding structural transitions in oxides.
  • The discovered M2 phase nanolayers provide new insights into the complex interfacial domain structure of VO2.
  • This approach has broad implications for studying structural transitions in correlated oxides for optoelectronics and ferroelectrics.