Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

135
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
135
Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

Elaborative Rehearsals

85
Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
85
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

77
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
77
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

32.6K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
32.6K
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

127
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
127
False Memories01:18

False Memories

84
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
84

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

State-dependent geometric transformations in the mouse hippocampus support fear generalization without loss of discriminability.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Ventral Striatal Dopamine Increases following Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripples.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Optogenetic Mapping of Rhythmic Phase-Dependent Excitability in the Mouse Striatum.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Offline ensemble co-reactivation links memories across days.

Nature·2024
Same author

Encoding of 2D Self-Centered Plans and World-Centered Positions in the Rat Frontal Orienting Field.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2024
Same author

Temporal context and latent state inference in the hippocampal splitter signal.

eLife·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

13.6K

Paradoxical replay can protect contextual task representations from destructive interference when experience is

Hung-Tu Chen1, Matthijs A A van der Meer1

  • 1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|May 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Rats paradoxically replay less-experienced trajectories to protect rich neural representations from damage caused by unbalanced experience. This finding reveals a key interaction between representation richness and replay function in learning.

Keywords:
hippocampusneural network modelsreplayrich and lazy learningsplitter signal

More Related Videos

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.4K
Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

13.6K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.4K
Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal
06:45

Task Interruption and Resumption Paradigm for Testing the Activation and Pursuit of an Abstract Thinking Goal

Published on: April 18, 2017

6.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Machine Learning

Background:

  • Experience replay is crucial for efficient learning, but the selection criteria for replayed experiences are not fully understood.
  • A puzzling observation is that rats replay less-experienced trajectories when experience is unbalanced.
  • Current theories struggle to explain this paradoxical replay behavior.

Approach:

  • Simulated a feedforward neural network with 'rich' (task-specific) and 'lazy' (task-agnostic) learning regimes.
  • Investigated how unbalanced experience affects these representations and whether paradoxical replay mitigates degradation.
  • Examined the link between paradoxical replay and hippocampal representations in rats.

Key Points:

  • Rich representations degraded under unbalanced experience, while lazy representations did not.
  • Paradoxical replay reversed the degradation of rich representations.
  • A strong association exists between the richness of learned representations and paradoxical replay in rats.

Conclusions:

  • Paradoxical replay protects rich neural representations from the detrimental effects of unbalanced experience.
  • This study demonstrates a novel interaction between the nature of task representations and the function of replay in both artificial and biological systems.