Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

44.8K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
44.8K
Design Example01:23

Design Example

325
The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
325
Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

4.2K
Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and...
4.2K
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

4.4K
The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
4.4K
Sensation01:21

Sensation

574
Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...
574
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

154
When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
154

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spectral weighting of interaural time differences near the low-frequency dominant region in young and middle-aged adults.

JASA express letters·2026
Same authorSame journal

Computational Model for Synthesizing Auditory Brainstem Responses to Assess Neuronal Alterations in Aging and Autistic Animal Models.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO·2026
Same author

Low-frequency interaural time differences are resistant to across-frequency binaural interference across a range of overall levels.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2026
Same author

At-Home Auditory Assessment Using Portable Automated Rapid Testing (PART) to Understand Self-Reported Hearing Difficulties.

Trends in hearing·2025
Same author

Effects of Gamification on Performance and Subjective Listening Effort on a Spatial Release From Masking Task.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2025
Same author

Asymmetric temporal envelope encoding: Lateralization with varying envelope shape and spectral mismatch.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
09:23

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

12.7K

The Rapid Decline in Interaural-Time-Difference Sensitivity for Pure Tones Can Be Explained by Peripheral Filtering.

Matthew J Goupell1,2, G Christopher Stecker3, Brittany T Williams3

  • 1Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. goupell@umd.edu.

Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO
|May 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Auditory brainstem processing of interaural time differences (ITDs) for sound localization is limited by peripheral encoding, not central neural processing. This explains why ITD sensitivity sharply declines above 700 Hz.

Keywords:
Binaural displayBinaural modelsBinaural physiologyInteraural time differenceSpatial hearing

More Related Videos

The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents
10:27

The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents

Published on: April 19, 2019

7.0K
A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
09:23

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

12.7K
The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents
10:27

The Power of Interstimulus Interval for the Assessment of Temporal Processing in Rodents

Published on: April 19, 2019

7.0K
A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Interaural time difference (ITD) is crucial for horizontal sound localization, computed in the auditory brainstem.
  • ITD sensitivity is highest for pure tones below 1400 Hz, with a sharp decline above 700 Hz, lacking a clear physiological explanation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Hypothesize that peripheral sound encoding, not central neural limitations, dictates the rapid decline in ITD sensitivity.
  • Investigate the role of the cochlear excitation pattern's low-frequency portion in ITD perception.

Main Methods:

  • Measured ITD sensitivity in 16 normal-hearing listeners.
  • Tested frequencies ranging from 900-1500 Hz and sound levels from 10-50 dB sensation level.

Main Results:

  • ITD sensitivity decreased with increasing frequency and decreasing sound level.
  • Observed a performance decline slope of 90 dB/octave, aligning with the cochlear excitation pattern's low-frequency slope.

Conclusions:

  • Suggests that fine-structure ITD sensitivity near 1400 Hz relies on "off-frequency" neural activation tuned to lower frequencies (~700 Hz).
  • Proposes a physiological model where neurons convey ITDs up to approximately 700 Hz, simplifying the traditional binaural display model.