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Sex Differences in Screening Positive for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Combat Injury.

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Women in the military screened positive for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) more often than men after combat injuries. This highlights a need for targeted PTSD support for women in combat roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Military medicine
  • Psychotraumatology
  • Sex differences in health

Background:

  • U.S. military women face combat exposure and injury risks in modern warfare.
  • Previous research on sex differences in PTSD after deployment is inconclusive.
  • No prior studies examined sex differences in PTSD specifically after combat injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in the prevalence of screening positive for PTSD among U.S. military personnel injured in combat.
  • To identify factors associated with PTSD screening in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of U.S. military personnel injured in Iraq or Afghanistan (March 2003-March 2013).
  • Inclusion criteria: combat injury and completion of Post-Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA) within one year.
  • PTSD screening used the 4-item Primary Care PTSD Screen within the PDHA; statistical analyses included chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • The study included 16,215 injured personnel (666 women, 15,549 men).
  • Women showed a higher prevalence of screening positive for PTSD (48.3%) compared to men (40.9%) (P < .001).
  • Women had higher odds of screening positive for PTSD (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14-1.57), with psychiatric history being a strong predictor for both sexes (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.45-1.74).

Conclusions:

  • Women are more likely to screen positive for PTSD following combat injury than men.
  • Future military conflicts may require tailored strategies for PTSD mitigation and psychological care integration in injury rehabilitation for women.
  • Enhanced support and resiliency programs are recommended for female service members.