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Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
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Reduction of Forgetting by Contextual Variation During Encoding Using 360-Degree Video-Based Immersive Virtual

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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Virtual Reality Research
    • Educational Technology

    Background:

    • Context-dependent forgetting occurs when recall is impaired in a different environment than learning.
    • Reinstatement and decontextualization are two methods to combat this memory issue.
    • Immersive virtual environments (IVEs) offer a reproducible and cost-effective alternative to physical settings for studying context effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effectiveness of reinstatement and decontextualization in immersive virtual environments (IVEs) for mitigating context-dependent forgetting.
    • To explore the use of 360-degree video-based IVEs for studying memory recall.
    • To assess the impact of VR on memory and learning contexts.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized immersive virtual environments (IVEs) created with 360-degree video for enhanced realism and familiarity.
    • Compared memory recall after learning in constant versus varied IVEs.
    • Assessed forgetting rates under different learning and retrieval context conditions within VR.

    Main Results:

    • Repeated learning in the same constant IVE did not significantly reduce forgetting compared to learning in different constant IVEs.
    • Repeated learning across various IVEs significantly reduced forgetting compared to learning in constant IVEs.
    • The study demonstrated the occurrence of the reinstatement effect in a realistic 360-degree video-based IVE.

    Conclusions:

    • Decontextualization, achieved through varied IVE exposure, is effective in reducing context-dependent forgetting.
    • IVEs, particularly those with high realism, are suitable for studying memory phenomena like context-dependent forgetting.
    • Findings have implications for designing effective VR-based educational applications.