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Rubella in Poland in 2021.
Joanna Bogusz1, Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz
1National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego PZH - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy Zakład Epidemiologii Chorób Zakaźnych i Nadzoru.
In 2021, rubella cases in Poland decreased significantly, possibly due to COVID-19 restrictions. However, most cases lacked lab confirmation, raising concerns about accurate diagnosis of this viral infectious disease.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Rubella is a viral infectious disease with humans as the sole reservoir.
- Global rubella surveillance and testing are widely available through the WHO Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate rubella epidemiological indicators in Poland for 2021.
- To compare 2021 data with previous years.
- To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rubella epidemiology.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from "Infectious Diseases and Poisons in Poland in 2021" bulletin.
- Review of "Immunization in Poland in 2021" data for population immunity status.
- Classification of cases based on 2021 surveillance definitions.
- Utilization of the "EpiBase" epidemiological surveillance system data.
Main Results:
- 50 rubella cases registered in 2021, a decrease of 48 cases from 2020 (98 cases).
- Incidence dropped to 0.13 per 100,000 population in 2021, down from 0.26 per 100,000 in 2020.
- The highest incidence was observed in the 0-4 age group (1.23 per 100,000).
- No cases of congenital rubella syndrome were reported in 2021.
Conclusions:
- A decrease in rubella cases in Poland in 2021 is noted, potentially linked to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.
- A significant proportion (99%) of rubella cases were based on clinical diagnosis, lacking laboratory confirmation.
- The reliance on clinical diagnosis without laboratory confirmation may lead to misclassification of other rash diseases as rubella.
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