Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Lactococcus lactis-Loaded Alginate Particles as a Promising Delivery...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Periodontology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Probiotics promote health but current periodontal delivery systems (gels, tablets, rinses) suffer from leakage and reduced efficacy.
• Effective delivery of probiotics to periodontal pockets is crucial for therapeutic success.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate biodegradable alginate-based particles for efficient periodontal delivery of probiotic bacteria.
• To assess the characteristics, release kinetics, storage stability, and adhesion of these alginate particles.

Main Methods:

• Encapsulation of *Lactococcus (L.) lactis* in alginate particles using a pump-controlled extrusion-dripping method.
• Investigation of time-dependent bacterial release in artificial saliva over 9 days.
• Evaluation of freeze-drying effects on particle integrity and bacterial viability.
• Assessment of particle adhesion to dentin under simulated oral conditions.

Main Results:

• Alginate particles (0.80-1.75 mm radius) were successfully produced, with particle size influenced by dripping tip diameter.
• Sustained release of *L. lactis* was observed, with higher release rates from smaller particles.
• Freeze-dried particles maintained shape and bacterial viability after rehydration.
• Adhesion to dentin, enhanced by bioadhesives, resisted shear forces of 10-25 N/m².
• Particles demonstrated full degradation within 20 days in artificial saliva.

Conclusions:

• Biodegradable alginate particles represent a highly efficient and stable carrier system for periodontal probiotic delivery.
• These particles offer advantages over existing methods, including prolonged release, precise manufacturing, strong attachment, and biocompatibility.
• Alginate particles show significant potential for enhancing probiotic efficacy in periodontal therapy.