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Piloting a Measure of Segregation at the Census Tract Level: Associations with Place and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in
Katherine Kitchens1, Genevieve Graaf1
1School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, 501 W. Mitchell Street, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
Summary
Residential segregation significantly impacts health disparities. This study reveals that highly segregated neighborhoods can increase life expectancy for Black and white residents, but decrease it for Asian residents, highlighting the role of place in health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Urban Studies
Background:
- Racial/ethnic health disparities are linked to residential segregation.
- A novel proxy measure for census tract-level segregation is introduced, focusing on group overrepresentation relative to city-wide presence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between census tract-level segregation and life expectancy across racial/ethnic groups.
- To determine if neighborhood mechanisms beyond socioeconomic factors influence health disparities.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a new segregation metric in Dallas, Texas.
- Analyzed mean life expectancy at birth for overrepresented racial/ethnic groups in census tracts.
- Employed multivariable linear regression, controlling for socioeconomic disparities.
Main Results:
- Significant associations found for non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic white, and Asian groups.
- Increased life expectancy observed in highly segregated tracts for Black and white residents.
- Decreased life expectancy noted in overrepresented Asian tracts compared to state averages.
Conclusions:
- Neighborhood segregation is a critical determinant of health, independent of socioeconomic status.
- The 'experience of place' is crucial for understanding racial and ethnic health disparities.
- Mixed methods and community input are vital for comprehensive health disparities research.
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