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Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
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The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
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Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
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Secondary distribution systems provide electrical energy at the utilization voltage levels from distribution transformers to customer meters. Typical secondary voltages in the United States include 120/240 V for residential use, 208Y/120 V for residential and commercial use, and 480Y/277 V for industrial and high-rise commercial use.
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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Lightweight Hash-Based Authentication Protocol for Smart Grids.

Sangjin Kook1, Keunok Kim1, Jihyeon Ryu2

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a secure, efficient authentication protocol for smart meters (SMs) using one-way hash functions. The new protocol enhances grid security and offers significantly improved computational efficiency.

Keywords:
hash-based authenticationlightweight user authenticationsmart grid authentication

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Cybersecurity

Background:

  • Smart grids leverage information and communications technology for enhanced electricity production, transportation, and consumption.
  • Smart meters (SMs) are crucial for real-time electricity usage monitoring but require robust security and lightweight protocols.
  • Existing SM security faces challenges from malicious attacks and communication constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel authentication protocol for smart meters (SMs).
  • To address security vulnerabilities in memory protection and communication processes.
  • To develop a lightweight protocol suitable for resource-constrained devices.

Main Methods:

  • A new authentication protocol based on a one-way hash function is proposed.
  • The protocol incorporates message authentication functions to prevent tampering.
  • A dynamic encryption key mechanism is implemented for secure, per-transmission communication.

Main Results:

  • The proposed protocol effectively addresses existing security threats against smart meters.
  • Security and performance analyses demonstrate its capability to mitigate malicious attacks.
  • The protocol achieves a computational efficiency improvement of 105,281.67% over previous methods.

Conclusions:

  • The developed authentication protocol enhances smart grid security and efficiency.
  • It provides a secure and lightweight solution for smart meter communication.
  • The protocol offers a significant advancement in protecting smart grid infrastructure.