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A Lightweight Authentication and Key Distribution Protocol for XR Glasses Using PUF and Cloud-Assisted ECC.

Wukjae Cha1, Hyang Jin Lee1, Sangjin Kook1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea.

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|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces PXRA, a secure authentication protocol for extended reality (XR) devices. It uses physically unclonable functions (PUF) and cloud-based cryptography to ensure efficient and private communication in real-time XR applications.

Keywords:
BCH (Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem)ProVerifRTT (round-trip time)authenticated encryption (AEAD)cloud-assisted securityelliptic curve cryptography (ECC)extended reality (XR)physically unclonable function (PUF)

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Area of Science:

  • Extended Reality (XR) security
  • Cybersecurity
  • Applied Cryptography

Background:

  • Extended Reality (XR) integrates AI, cloud, and 5G, offering transformative potential across sectors.
  • XR devices face computational and privacy challenges due to limited resources and real-time data transmission.
  • Existing authentication methods are inefficient for compact XR architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce PXRA (PUF-based XR authentication), a lightweight and secure protocol for cloud-assisted XR environments.
  • To address the security and privacy vulnerabilities in real-time XR data transmission.
  • To enhance computational efficiency for XR devices through cloud offloading.

Main Methods:

  • PXRA utilizes physically unclonable functions (PUF) for hardware-level authentication.
  • Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) operations are offloaded to the cloud for efficiency.
  • Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) ensures message confidentiality and integrity.
  • Formal verification using ProVerif under the Dolev-Yao adversary model.

Main Results:

  • PXRA reduces device-side computational overhead using lightweight PUF and hash functions.
  • Achieved average authentication latency below 15 ms, suitable for real-time XR.
  • Formal analysis confirmed resistance to replay, impersonation, and key compromise attacks.
  • Preserves user anonymity and session unlinkability.

Conclusions:

  • PXRA demonstrates the feasibility of integrating PUF authentication with cloud-assisted cryptography for secure, scalable, real-time XR systems.
  • The hybrid PUF-cloud ECC architecture provides a foundation for secure XR applications in telemedicine, remote collaboration, and immersive education.
  • The protocol offers enhanced security features including context-bound AEAD and noise-resilient fuzzy extractors.