Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

256
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
256
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

318
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
318
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

153
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
153

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Toddlers' Active Gaze Behavior Supports Self-Supervised Object Learning.

Developmental science·2026
Same author

Endurance exercise elicits temporal and sexual dimorphic multi-omics remodeling of liver metabolism revealed by MoTrPAC.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Mitochondria across the globe: diverse voices, shared energy.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same author

Drp1 regulates mitochondrial health and controls skeletal muscle mass through the Erk1/2-Nur77 pathway.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Common and rare genetic variants show network convergence for a majority of human traits.

EMBO reports·2026
Same author

Chronic cold exposure induces plasticity of mitochondrial calcium uptake in beige and brown fat of UCP1-deficient mice.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization
06:26

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization

Published on: January 24, 2025

981

Uniform trehalose nanogels for glucagon stabilization.

Ellie G Puente1,2, Rajalakshmi P Sivasankaran1,2, Daniele Vinciguerra1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA maynard@chem.ucla.edu.

RSC Applied Polymers
|May 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

New trehalose nanogels improve glucagon stability and solubility for diabetes treatment. These novel nanoparticles offer a promising solution for severe hypoglycemia management, especially with cold storage.

More Related Videos

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
09:39

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

Published on: February 7, 2021

7.8K
Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues
09:27

Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues

Published on: February 17, 2017

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization
06:26

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization

Published on: January 24, 2025

981
Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
09:39

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

Published on: February 7, 2021

7.8K
Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues
09:27

Rapid One-step Enzymatic Synthesis and All-aqueous Purification of Trehalose Analogues

Published on: February 17, 2017

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Glucagon is a critical hormone for raising blood glucose levels, primarily used to treat severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes.
  • Current glucagon formulations suffer from poor stability and solubility at neutral pH, limiting their therapeutic application.
  • Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer potential solutions for enhancing the stability and efficacy of therapeutic proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize trehalose methacrylate-based nanoparticles for improved glucagon formulation.
  • To assess the stability, solubility, toxicity, and efficacy of glucagon-loaded nanogels.
  • To evaluate the potential of these nanogels for therapeutic applications, particularly for managing hypoglycemia.

Main Methods:

  • Site-selective modification of glucagon with cysteine at position 24 for covalent attachment to methacrylate polymers.
  • Formation of uniform nanoparticles using PEG2000 dithiol as a crosslinker.
  • Stability assessment of glucagon nanogels in DPBS at various temperatures using size uniformity, HPLC, and thioflavin T assays.
  • In vitro evaluation of nanogel toxicity (fibroblast cells, red blood cells) and glucagon efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Glucagon nanogels demonstrated significant stability, maintaining size uniformity for at least 5 months at -20°C and 4°C, 5 days at 25°C, and <12 hours at 37°C.
  • HPLC and thioflavin T assays confirmed glucagon integrity within nanoparticles for at least 5 months at cold temperatures and 2 days at room temperature.
  • In vitro studies showed the nanogels were nontoxic to fibroblasts and nonhemolytic to red blood cells, with glucagon retaining its biological activity.

Conclusions:

  • Trehalose nanogels effectively enhance the stability and solubility of glucagon in aqueous solutions.
  • The developed glucagon nanogels exhibit favorable safety profiles and maintain therapeutic efficacy.
  • These findings highlight the potential of trehalose nanogels as a promising formulation for glucagon, especially for storage at reduced temperatures.