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Theories on the Link Between Autism Spectrum Conditions and Trans Gender Modality: a Systematic Review
Luna L Wattel1, Reubs J Walsh2, Lydia Krabbendam2
1Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|May 28, 2024
Summary
Understanding the link between autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and transgender gender modality (TGM) is crucial. Current theories lack strong evidence, but resistance to social norms and weakened sex differences show promise for future research.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Gender identity research
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Co-occurring autism spectrum conditions (ASC) and transgender gender modality (TGM) is increasingly recognized.
- Limited understanding exists regarding the underlying mechanisms connecting ASC and TGM.
- Improved insight is essential for effective clinical support for transgender autistic individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize existing theories on the association between ASC and TGM.
- To evaluate the empirical evidence supporting or refuting these theories.
- To identify promising theoretical avenues for future research.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.
- Inclusion of studies published between January 2016 and October 2020.
- Identification and analysis of 15 distinct theories from 36 selected studies.
Main Results:
- All reviewed theories currently lack substantial empirical support.
- Several theories were identified as unlikely, while others showed potential promise.
- Theories focusing on "resistance to social norms" and "weakened sex differences" emerged as the most promising.
Conclusions:
- The etiological understanding of the ASC-TGM link remains underdeveloped.
- Further empirical investigation is required to validate promising theories.
- Future research should explore the roles of social norm adherence and sex dimorphism in the ASC-TGM association.
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