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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Determination of Total Lipid and Lipid Classes in Marine Samples
Published on: December 11, 2021
The LimoFish Circular Economy Process for the Marine Bioeconomy
Daniela Maria Pizzone1, Giuseppe Angellotti2, Sonia Carabetta3
1Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, dell'Energia, dell'Ambiente e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
Abstract:
The outcomes of applying the zero-waste extraction "LimoFish" process based on defatting fish processing waste with limonene to leftovers of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) and European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), compared to conventional extraction with oil-derived solvents such as n-hexane and with petroleum ether, show that the process has general applicability. Meeting the principles of green extraction and those of the marine biorefinery requiring high process efficiency, the process establishes an "innovation through integration" circular economy production route enabling the marine bioeconomy.
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