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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
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Antidepressant-related microstructural changes in the external capsule.

Ariel Kerpel1, Elizabeth Davenport2, Amy L Proskovec2

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. arikerp@gmail.com.

Brain Imaging and Behavior
|May 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antidepressants like SSRIs and SNRIs are linked to brain changes. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) showed reduced neurite density, while serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) showed increased orientation dispersion in the external capsule.

Keywords:
NODDISNRISSRIWhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies link antidepressants to brain microstructural alterations.
  • External capsule alterations are a potential biomarker for antidepressant treatment response.
  • Previous research lacked investigation into neurite density and directional coherence changes in white matter (WM) fibers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between antidepressant use and external capsule WM microstructure using advanced MRI techniques.
  • To examine whether neurite density or orientation dispersion differs between antidepressant users and controls.
  • To differentiate microstructural changes associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study utilizing multishell diffusion imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI).
  • Comparison of 35 participants on antidepressants (25 on SSRIs, 10 on SNRIs) with 35 matched controls from the Dallas Heart Study.
  • Multiple linear regression analyses to predict external capsule microstructural characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Significantly reduced neurite density was observed in the bilateral external capsules of patients taking SSRIs.
  • Increased orientation dispersion in the external capsule was predominantly observed in patients taking SNRIs.
  • Distinct microstructural alterations in the external capsule are associated with different classes of antidepressants.

Conclusions:

  • Antidepressant medications are associated with specific microstructural changes in the brain's external capsule.
  • SSRIs are linked to reduced neurite density, while SNRIs are associated with increased orientation dispersion.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological effects of antidepressants on white matter integrity.