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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle01:18

Physiology of the Heart: The Cardiac Cycle

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The cardiac cycle describes the events from one heartbeat to the next. It includes three main phases: diastole, atrial systole, and ventricular systole, all driven by changes in chamber pressures and the function of heart valves.
Diastole: The Relaxation Phase
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System
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Cardiac physiology and pathophysiology in pregnancy.

Shekoofeh Saboktakin Rizi1, Evan Wiens2, Jennifer Hunt3

  • 1Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|May 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of maternal death during pregnancy. Understanding pregnancy

Keywords:
cardio-obstetricscardiovascular systemphysiologypregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Obstetrics
  • Maternal Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading indirect cause of maternal morbidity and mortality.
  • Nearly one-third of maternal deaths during pregnancy are attributed to CVD.
  • The incidence of CVD in pregnancy is increasing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiologic adaptations during pregnancy.
  • To outline the pathologic implications of these adaptations for common cardiovascular conditions.
  • To inform care providers on managing pregnant patients with CVD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of physiologic changes in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of how these changes impact pre-existing and new cardiovascular conditions.
  • Synthesis of information for clinical application.

Main Results:

  • Pregnancy involves significant cardiovascular adaptations like increased cardiac output and plasma volume.
  • These changes can unmask, worsen, or cause new cardiac issues.
  • Specific common cardiovascular conditions are discussed in the context of pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding pregnancy's physiologic changes is crucial for managing cardiovascular disease.
  • Early recognition and management of CVD in pregnancy can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
  • This review provides essential insights for healthcare providers.