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Pan-Cancer Molecular Biomarkers: A Paradigm Shift in Diagnostic Pathology
1Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3375 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|May 31, 2024
Summary
Next-generation sequencing identifies pan-cancer biomarkers, such as mutations, to predict targeted therapy response in oncology. This review covers technological advances and implications for patient care.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genomics
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is increasingly used in clinical oncology.
- NGS enables the detection of molecular biomarkers across multiple tumor types.
- Pan-cancer biomarkers include mutations, copy number changes, gene rearrangements, and mutational signatures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current and emerging pan-cancer molecular biomarkers in clinical oncology.
- To discuss technological advances enabling broad cancer mutation detection.
- To explore the implications of these biomarkers for patient care.
Main Methods:
- Review of technological advancements in cancer mutation detection.
- Analysis of the spectrum of driver and passenger mutations in human cancer genomes.
- Discussion of the clinical utility and future directions of pan-cancer biomarkers.
Main Results:
- Pan-cancer biomarkers can predict response to targeted therapy.
- Technological advances allow for the detection of a wide range of cancer mutations.
- Understanding mutation types (driver vs. passenger) is crucial for clinical application.
Conclusions:
- Pan-cancer molecular biomarkers are transforming clinical oncology.
- Continued technological innovation will expand biomarker discovery and application.
- These biomarkers hold significant promise for improving patient outcomes with targeted therapies.
