Vitamin D deficiency and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes: Big data insights

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency and its association with inflammatory markers and type 2 diabetes. We conducted our research at Qingdao Endocrine and Diabetes Hospital, where serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were determined for 2,806 individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 30 and older between January 2018 and December 2019. Medical records were analyzed, and data on health, blood lipids, HbA1c, and inflammation were collected. Our results revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the population. Among male and female patients, median serum 25(OH)D3 levels were 22.46 and 19.00 ng/mL, respectively. More than 60% of female patients had vitamin D deficiency, with over 80% having levels below 30 ng/mL. We observed a favorable connection between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and 25(OH)D3, while triglycerides and HbA1c showed negative correlations. As 25(OH)D3 levels increased, inflammatory markers such as hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and monocyte count decreased (trend test, p < 0.05), although peripheral blood lymphocytes initially increased and then decreased. After controlling for age and gender, multiple linear regression analysis indicated negative correlations between ESR, hsCRP, and white blood cell count with 25(OH)D3 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that individuals with type 2 diabetes often exhibit vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, which is associated with elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood.