Potential Development of Porous Carbon Composites Generated from the Biomass for Energy Storage Applications

Creating an innovative and environmentally friendly energy storage system is of vital importance due to the growing number of environmental problems and the fast exhaustion of fossil fuels. Energy storage using porous carbon composites generated from biomass has attracted a lot of attention in the research community. This is primarily due to the environmentally friendly nature, abundant availability in nature, accessibility, affordability, and long-term viability of macro/meso/microporous carbon sourced from a variety of biological materials. Extensive information on the design and the building of an energy storage device that uses supercapacitors was a part of this research. This study examines both porous carbon electrodes (ranging from 44 to 1050 F/g) and biomasses with a large surface area (between 215 and 3532 m²/g). Supposedly, these electrodes have a capacitive retention performance of about 99.7 percent after 1000 cycles. The energy density of symmetric supercapacitors is also considered, with values between 5.1 and 138.4 Wh/kg. In this review, we look at the basic structures of biomass and how they affect porous carbon synthesis. It also discusses the effects of different structured porous carbon materials on electrochemical performance and analyzes them. In recent developments, significant steps have been made across various fields including fuel cells, carbon capture, and the utilization of biomass-derived carbonaceous nanoparticles. Notably, our study delves into the innovative energy conversion and storage potentials inherent in these materials. This comprehensive investigation seeks to lay the foundation for forthcoming energy storage research endeavors by delineating the current advancements and anticipating potential challenges in fabricating porous carbon composites sourced from biomass.