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Related Concept Videos

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
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Bioequivalence: Overview01:16

Bioequivalence: Overview

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Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...
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Drug Nomenclature01:17

Drug Nomenclature

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During the development of a new pharmaceutical, the manufacturer initially assigns a code name to the drug. Once approved, the drug receives a United States Adopted Name (USAN)—a generic, nonproprietary designation. Upon being listed in the United States Pharmacopeia, this nonproprietary name becomes the drug's official name. Additionally, the manufacturer assigns a proprietary name or trademark, which serves as the brand name under which the drug is marketed. It is worth noting that...
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Drug Concentrations: Measurements01:23

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

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Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
Plasma...
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Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

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A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...
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Therapeutic Index01:13

Therapeutic Index

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The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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International Prescription Drug Price Comparisons: Estimates Using 2022 Data.

Andrew W Mulcahy, Daniel Schwam, Susan L Lovejoy

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    Prescription drug prices in the United States are significantly higher than in other high-income nations. This analysis compares 2022 drug pricing data to inform policy development.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Health Economics
    • Pharmaceutical Policy
    • Comparative Health Systems

    Background:

    • Prescription drug spending is a major concern for consumers and policymakers.
    • International comparisons of drug prices are essential for understanding market dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the difference in prescription drug prices between the United States and other high-income countries.
    • To analyze price variations across different drug types and inform policy interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of 2022 prescription drug pricing data.
    • Inclusion of brand-name originator and unbranded generic drugs.
    • Sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness of findings.

    Main Results:

    • US prescription drug prices are substantially higher compared to peer nations.
    • Price disparities exist for both originator and generic medications.
    • Analysis accounts for drug volume and product mix.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings highlight significant price inflation for prescription drugs in the US.
    • Evidence supports the need for targeted policies to manage drug spending and consumer costs.
    • International price benchmarks are critical for policy evaluation.