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This study introduces a new atom interferometer using large momentum transfer and optical resonators to detect horizontal gravitational strain. The novel design achieves high momentum transfer with low optical power, enabling sensitive inertial measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Gravitational wave detection
  • Inertial sensing

Background:

  • Atom interferometers are sensitive tools for precision measurements.
  • Detecting gravitational strain, especially in horizontal directions, presents significant challenges.
  • Optical resonators can enhance atom interferometer sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel atom interferometer configuration for measuring horizontal gravitational strain.
  • To combine large momentum transfer techniques with optical resonator enhancement.
  • To demonstrate inertial sensitivity in horizontal directions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Bragg diffraction for large momentum transfer (up to 8ℏk).
  • Employed an optical resonator with a large resonating beam waist for optical gain.
  • Developed an original resonator design that avoids trapping atoms in cavity modes.
  • Measured inertial sensitivity by detecting changes in resonator tilt.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant momentum transfer (8ℏk) with milliwatt-level optical power.
  • Demonstrated horizontal inertial sensitivity using the novel resonator design.
  • Successfully measured resonator tilt changes, indicating sensitivity to gravitational strain.

Conclusions:

  • The developed atom interferometer configuration is a promising tool for measuring horizontal gravitational strain.
  • This approach paves the way for future hybrid atom-optical gravitational wave detectors.
  • The method's versatility supports various measurement geometries and atomic sources for advanced inertial sensors.