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In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Quantitative Optical Microscopy: Measurement of Cellular Biophysical Features with a Standard Optical Microscope
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Noise correction in differential phase contrast for improving phase sensitivity.

Hu Liu, Jialin Liu, Wei Zhou

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    |June 11, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Noise-corrected differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging enhances phase sensitivity by addressing noise in camera data and illumination. This improved method, ncDPC, offers better phase reconstruction quality than traditional DPC (tDPC).

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantitative phase imaging
    • Computational microscopy
    • Biomedical optics

    Background:

    • Differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging uses computational analysis to retrieve phase information from gradient images.
    • Image noise and non-uniform illumination significantly degrade DPC's phase reconstruction quality and sensitivity.
    • Existing DPC methods struggle to effectively mitigate noise, limiting quantitative phase retrieval accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel noise-corrected DPC (ncDPC) method for enhanced phase sensitivity and reconstruction quality.
    • To develop a theoretical DPC model that accounts for major noise sources and illumination variations.
    • To validate the performance of ncDPC against traditional DPC (tDPC) using simulated and experimental data.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a theoretical DPC model incorporating camera noise (shot and readout) and illumination non-uniformity.
    • Employed frequency analysis for joint estimation of noise variance.
    • Applied the block-matching 3D (BM3D) algorithm for image denoising.
    • Utilized Tikhonov inversion for phase retrieval from denoised images.

    Main Results:

    • ncDPC demonstrated superior performance compared to tDPC in both simulated and experimental datasets.
    • Significant improvements in phase reconstruction quality were observed with ncDPC.
    • Enhanced phase sensitivity was achieved, enabling more accurate quantitative phase measurements.
    • Broad applicability of ncDPC was confirmed across diverse experimental imaging scenarios.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed ncDPC method effectively reduces noise and improves phase sensitivity in DPC imaging.
    • ncDPC offers a robust solution for accurate quantitative phase retrieval in various applications.
    • This advancement in DPC imaging holds promise for improved microscopic analysis and diagnostics.