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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Published on: July 3, 2020

Evaluating models that predict epoxy conversion using rheological properties.

Stian K Romberg¹, Paul Roberts¹, Chad R Snyder¹

¹Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials

|June 13, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals limitations in conventional models for predicting epoxy resin behavior. The generalized effective medium (GEM) model accurately describes rheology and conversion across the sol-gel transition for both neat and composite systems.

Keywords:

additive manufacturing conversion prediction curve fitting generalized effective medium model material extrusion rheology-conversion relationship thermoset composite

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Area of Science:

Polymer Science
Materials Science
Rheology

Background:

Conventional models inadequately capture the complex relationship between rheology and conversion in epoxy resins.
Existing models fail to fully account for chemical gelation and exhibit limitations before the gel point.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the accuracy of current rheological models for thermoset resins.
To introduce and validate a new model, the generalized effective medium (GEM) model, for describing resin behavior.
To accurately predict the gel point and scaling behavior in epoxy systems.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous rheology and conversion measurements were performed on neat and composite epoxy resins.
Comparison of conventional models with experimental data.
Application and validation of the generalized effective medium (GEM) model.

Main Results:

Conventional models based on mixing rules are quantitatively inaccurate and do not account for chemical gelation.
Percolation theory-based models are accurate only before the gel point.
The GEM model accurately describes rheological properties on both sides of the critical gel point.

Conclusions:

The generalized effective medium (GEM) model provides a more accurate and comprehensive description of epoxy resin rheology and conversion.
The GEM model successfully estimates the gel point and scaling behavior for both neat and filled epoxy systems.
This work advances the understanding of thermoset resin behavior during curing and gelation.