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Real-Time mmWave Channel Sounding Through Switched Beamforming With 3-D Dual-Polarized Phased-Array Antennas.

Derek Caudill1, Jack Chuang2, Sung Yun Jun1

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Summary

Researchers developed a novel millimeter-wave channel sounder using switched beamforming with phased arrays. This real-time system achieves highly accurate 3D channel measurements with minimal estimation errors.

Keywords:
285 GHz5GCalibrationchannel soundermillimeter wave (mmWave)propagation

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Wireless Communications
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies are crucial for next-generation wireless systems due to their large bandwidth.
  • Accurate channel sounding is essential for understanding and modeling mmWave propagation environments.
  • Traditional phased array beamforming often relies on analog weights, which can be time-consuming and imprecise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel 28.5-GHz channel sounder utilizing switched beamforming with phased arrays.
  • To enable real-time, high-resolution 3D channel sounding in the millimeter-wave spectrum.
  • To overcome limitations of analog beamforming in terms of speed and precision.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a 28.5-GHz channel sounder with multiple dual-polarized 8x8 phased arrays.
  • Development of a switched beamforming technique using digital weights in postprocessing.
  • Integration of stable Rubidium clocks, local oscillators, and in-house over-the-air calibration.
  • Realization of a 3D double-omnidirectional, dual-polarized channel sweep in 1.3 ms.

Main Results:

  • Achieved real-time channel sounding by circumventing analog weight programming.
  • Synthesized ideal beam patterns with high precision using digital weights.
  • Demonstrated fine weight calibration for hardware nonidealities and sidelobe suppression.
  • Reported average estimation errors of 0.47° in angle, 0.48 dB in path gain, and 0.18 ns in delay.

Conclusions:

  • Switched beamforming with phased arrays offers a viable and efficient method for millimeter-wave channel sounding.
  • The proposed system provides unprecedented accuracy and speed for 3D channel characterization.
  • This technique enables precise modeling and optimization of future high-frequency wireless communication systems.