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Instrument calibration is essential for ensuring that instruments produce accurate and consistent results. It is vital in manufacturing, healthcare, testing laboratories, and scientific research. Calibration processes are specific to each instrument and help enhance data accuracy. Each instrument has a unique calibration process tailored to its design and function to improve data accuracy.
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System-Level Calibration of a Millimeter-Wave Vector Signal Analyzer with Uncertainties.

Joshua M Kast1, Paritosh Manurkar1, Kate A Remley1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA.

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

System-level calibration of a 28 GHz vector signal analyzer was performed. Measurement comparison using IEEE 1765-2022 validated uncertainty in error vector magnitude against a sampling oscilloscope.

Keywords:
error vector magnitudemeasurement uncertaintyvector signal analyzerwireless system

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Metrology
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Accurate calibration of high-frequency test equipment is crucial for reliable measurements.
  • Vector signal analyzers (VSAs) are essential for characterizing complex modulated signals.
  • Uncertainty quantification is vital for ensuring measurement traceability and comparability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the system-level calibration of a 28 GHz vector signal analyzer.
  • To evaluate the uncertainty in error vector magnitude (EVM) using a standardized measurement comparison approach.
  • To validate the VSA's performance against a traceable reference instrument.

Main Methods:

  • System-level calibration of the VSA at 28 GHz, including magnitude and phase uncertainty determination.
  • Application of the IEEE 1765-2022 measurement comparison method.
  • Utilizing an equivalent-time sampling oscilloscope with traceable calibration as the reference receiver.
  • Comparative measurements using a large-signal network analyzer (LSNA) on an arbitrary frequency grid.

Main Results:

  • Determination of uncertainties in the magnitude and phase measurements of the VSA.
  • Successful evaluation of EVM uncertainty for the VSA against the reference oscilloscope.
  • Good agreement observed in amplitude, phase, and EVM between the VSA, sampling oscilloscope, and LSNA.

Conclusions:

  • The system-level calibration and measurement comparison approach provide a robust method for assessing VSA uncertainty.
  • The IEEE 1765-2022 standard facilitates reliable inter-instrument comparisons for high-frequency measurements.
  • The results demonstrate the VSA's accuracy and the validity of the calibration methodology.