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Tailorable acrylate-endcapped urethane-based polymers for precision in digital light processing: Versatile solutions

Nele Pien1, Nicolas Deroose2, Marguerite Meeremans1

  • 1Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 Building S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9280 Merelbeke, Belgium.

Biomaterials Advances
|June 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new acrylate-endcapped urethane-based polymers (AUPs) for advanced tissue engineering scaffolds. These tunable biomaterials offer precise control over physico-chemical properties, enhancing digital light processing fabrication for applications like cartilage tissue engineering.

Keywords:
Acrylate-endcapped urethane-based polymers (AUPs)Biomedical applicationsDigital light processing (DLP)Tailorable material propertiesTissue engineering (TE) scaffolds

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Digital Manufacturing

Background:

  • Bioengineering utilizes polymeric scaffolds for tissue replication, with Digital Light Processing (DLP) being a key fabrication technique.
  • Limitations in biomaterial properties and processing capabilities hinder the full potential of DLP in tissue engineering.
  • A need exists for versatile biomaterials that allow precise tuning of physico-chemical properties for advanced CAD/CAM mimicry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce acrylate-endcapped urethane-based polymers (AUPs) as a novel class of photo-crosslinkable materials for DLP-based tissue engineering.
  • To investigate the influence of polymer backbone (PEG vs. PPG) and endcap functionality (di- vs. hexa-acrylate) on material properties.
  • To evaluate the processability, mechanical characteristics, and biocompatibility of AUPs for tailored scaffold fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of four AUP variants (UPEG2, UPEG6, UPPG2, UPPG6) by varying PEG/PPG backbone and di-/hexa-acrylate endcaps.
  • Comprehensive characterization of physico-chemical properties (swelling, contact angle, crosslinking kinetics, Young's modulus) and in vitro biocompatibility.
  • Parametric study of DLP processing for each synthesized material to assess printability and scaffold integrity.

Main Results:

  • Increasing acrylate content (2 to 6) reduced swelling, lowered water contact angles, accelerated crosslinking, and increased Young's moduli.
  • PPG-based polymers exhibited lower swelling, absence of crystallinity, and slower kinetics compared to PEG-based counterparts.
  • DLP-printed scaffolds demonstrated tunable stiffness (0.4–5.3 MPa), preserved structural integrity in dry/swollen states, and confirmed biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • AUPs offer tunable physico-chemical and mechanical properties by adjusting backbone chemistry and acrylate functionality.
  • These materials are suitable for DLP fabrication, enabling customized 3D scaffolds with controlled dimensions and mechanical performance.
  • The developed AUPs show significant promise for various biomedical applications, particularly in cartilage tissue engineering.