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Predictive model for assessing malnutrition in elderly hospitalized cancer patients: A machine learning approach
Ran Duan1, QingYuan Li2, Qing Xiu Yuan3
1Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College and Clinical Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China; Clinical Key Speciality (Oncology Department) of Sichuan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
Background:
Malnutrition is prevalent among elderly cancer patients. This study aims to develop a predictive model for malnutrition in hospitalized elderly cancer patients.
Methods:
Data from January 2022 to January 2023 on cancer patients aged 60+ were collected, involving 22 variables. Key variables were identified using the LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) method, and nine machine learning models were tested. SHAP was used to interpret the XGBoost model. Malnutrition prevalence was assessed.
Results:
Among 450 participants, 46.4 % were malnourished. Key predictors identified were ADL (Activities of Daily Living), ALB (Albumin), BMI (Body Mass Index) and age. XGBoost had the highest AUC of 0.945, accuracy of 0.872, and sensitivity of 0.968. Higher ADL and age increased malnutrition risk, while lower ALB and BMI reduced it.
Conclusions:
The XGBoost model is highly effective in detecting malnutrition in elderly cancer patients, enabling early and rapid nutritional assessments.
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