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Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Postdengue Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis.

Sudipto Chakraborty1, Akash Narayan2, Debabrata Chakraborty3

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A patient developed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) after dengue fever, presenting with spinal cord symptoms but brain imaging abnormalities. This case highlights ADEM without encephalitis following dengue infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness.
  • Postinfective inflammatory processes can affect the central nervous system following viral infections.

Observation:

  • A 38-year-old male presented with acute bilateral lower limb weakness, numbness, and incontinence 2 weeks post-dengue fever.
  • Examination revealed paraparesis and a left upper motor neuron-type 7th cranial nerve palsy.
  • Brain and spine MRI showed multiple demyelinating lesions.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with postdengue acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis excluded active infection.
  • Remarkably, MRI revealed significant intracranial demyelination without clinical signs of encephalitis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for ADEM to manifest with spinal cord symptoms and brain lesions, even without overt encephalitis after dengue.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous steroids are crucial for recovery.
  • Further research into the neuroinflammatory mechanisms of post-dengue neurological complications is warranted.