Preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical considerations in circulating microRNAs measurement

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Biomarker Discovery

Background:

• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging biomarkers for diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
• Detection of circulating miRNAs in body fluids (blood, urine, CSF) offers non-invasive diagnostic potential.
• Conflicting results in current literature impede the clinical application of circulating miRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical factors influencing circulating miRNA detection accuracy.
• To propose recommendations for standardizing miRNA measurement methodologies.
• To facilitate the reliable use of miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating circulating miRNA detection.
• Analysis of preanalytical variables (sample collection, processing).
• Evaluation of analytical variables (quantification methods).
• Assessment of postanalytical variables (data normalization).

Main Results:

• Variability in miRNA detection is attributed to differences in sample processing, quantification, and normalization.
• Preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical steps significantly impact miRNA measurement reproducibility.
• Standardization across these factors is crucial for accurate and reliable results.

Conclusions:

• Standardizing preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical procedures is essential for reproducible circulating miRNA measurements.
• Implementing these recommendations will enhance the utility of miRNAs as reliable non-invasive biomarkers.
• Further research and consensus are needed to establish universal protocols for miRNA analysis.