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Updated: Jul 11, 2026
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Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation
Published on: October 15, 2021
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Risk factors and outcomes associated with external ventricular drain related hemorrhage
Sonora Andromeda Windermere1, Yusuf Mehkri2, Sandra C Yan2
1Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of General Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|June 20, 2024
Summary
Repeated external ventricular drain (EVD) replacement increases hemorrhage risk. EVD-related hemorrhages are linked to higher mortality and reduced home discharge rates.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Medical Device Safety
- Patient Outcomes
Background:
- External ventricular drains (EVDs) are crucial for managing intracranial pressure.
- Hemorrhage is a known complication of EVD placement.
- Predictive factors and outcomes associated with EVD-related hemorrhage require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors for external ventricular drain (EVD)-related hemorrhage.
- To assess the association of EVD-related hemorrhage with mortality, discharge disposition, length of stay, and cost.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of adult patients undergoing EVD placement from 2015-2018.
- Review of demographic, peri-procedural, and post-procedural data.
- Independent review of CT scans and reports to identify hemorrhages.
Main Results:
- Hemorrhage occurred in 17.5% of 487 patients.
- Multivariable analysis identified repeated EVD replacement as a significant predictor of hemorrhage (OR=2.78).
- EVD-related hemorrhage correlated with increased mortality (OR=3.58) and lower likelihood of home discharge (OR=0.13).
Conclusions:
- The number of EVD replacements is a key factor associated with hemorrhage risk.
- EVD-related hemorrhage adversely impacts patient outcomes, including increased mortality and reduced home discharge.
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