Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging
06:44

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2021

4.0K

Mismatch repair protein deficiency in triple-negative breast carcinomas

Bayan Maraqa1, Maxim Al-Ashhab1, Hamza Zughaier1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|June 20, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Approximately 9% of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have deficient mismatch repair protein (dMMR). This deficiency may help predict outcomes and identify TNBC patients who could benefit from immunotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a significant global health challenge.
  • Mismatch repair protein (MMRP) deficiency occurs in 0.2%–18.6% of TNBC cases.
  • Immunotherapy shows promise for MMRP-deficient metastatic breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify MMRP deficiency in TNBC patients.
  • To evaluate the potential of MMRP deficiency as a predictive biomarker in TNBC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of TNBC patients (2015–2021).
  • Immunohistochemistry used to assess MMRP expression.
  • Analysis of 152 TNBC patients.

Main Results:

  • 14 out of 152 patients (9.2%) had deficient MMR (dMMR).
  • PMS2 loss was the most common deficiency, followed by MLH1, MSH6, and MSH2.
  • dMMR patients had a higher 5-year survival rate (80.8%) than proficient MMR patients (62.3%), though overall survival did not significantly differ.

Conclusions:

  • Around 9% of TNBC patients exhibit dMMR.
  • MMRP deficiency can potentially predict outcomes in TNBC.
  • dMMR status may identify TNBC patients suitable for immunotherapy.
Keywords:
Triple negativebreast cancerimmunohistochemistryimmunotherapymicrosatellite instabilitymismatch repair deficiency

More Related Videos

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

10.2K
Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in Field Defects During Progression to Colon Cancer28:15

Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in Field Defects During Progression to Colon Cancer

Published on: July 28, 2010

12.4K

Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
40.0K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
3.5K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.5K
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
7.0K
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
22.3K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
9.1K