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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

An Application for Pairing with Wearable Devices to Monitor Personal Health Status
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Smartphone-based study reminders can be a double-edged sword.

Lea Nobbe1,2, Jasmin Breitwieser3,4, Daniel Biedermann5

  • 1Education and Human Development, DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. l.nobbe@dipf.de.

NPJ Science of Learning
|June 21, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smartphone reminders can hinder regular studying by making students overly reliant. While students studied more with reminders, they studied less on non-reminder days compared to a control group.

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Technology
  • Behavioral Psychology

Background:

  • Reminders in smartphone apps are common for promoting regular behaviors.
  • Their effectiveness in fostering consistent student study habits is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of smartphone-based reminders on students' regular studying.
  • To determine if reminders promote or hinder consistent study behavior over time.

Main Methods:

  • A smartphone-based between- and within-person experiment was conducted with 85 lower secondary students (aged 10-12).
  • Logfile data from a vocabulary learning app were analyzed over a 36-day intervention period.
  • Students received reminders on 16 scheduled days.

Main Results:

  • Students were more likely to study on days they received reminders compared to days without reminders.
  • However, compared to a control group, students studied less on non-reminder days, indicating increased reliance.
  • This detrimental effect intensified throughout the intervention period.

Conclusions:

  • Reminders may have a dual effect, potentially leading to detrimental reliance.
  • Over-reliance on reminders could decrease intrinsic motivation for regular studying.
  • Further research is needed to optimize reminder strategies for sustained student engagement.