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Related Concept Videos

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

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One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
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Kinetic Friction01:26

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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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Characteristics of Dry Friction01:21

Characteristics of Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide against each other without any lubrication or fluid present. It causes resistance when pushing objects along a surface, like a gardener pushing a wheelbarrow. The force applied to move the cart causes dry friction between the wheel and the ground.
Before the wheelbarrow starts moving, the static frictional force acts tangentially to the contact surface, opposing the force that is about to induce the motion. This frictional force prevents the...
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Static Friction01:18

Static Friction

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Static friction is a force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of motion between two surfaces in contact. It plays a crucial role in our daily lives, from walking on the ground to driving a car.
For example, consider a scenario where a truck is connected to a car by a rope, ready to tow it along a road. When no external force is applied by the truck, the car remains stationary and is said to be in static equilibrium. In this case, the forces acting on the car, such as gravity and the...
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Frictional Force01:07

Frictional Force

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When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
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Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
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Tablet ejection: A systematic comparison between force, static friction, and kinetic friction.

Dingeman L H van der Haven1, René Jensen2, Maria Mikoroni2

  • 1Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, United Kingdom.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|June 24, 2024
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This study introduces a new method to measure tablet ejection forces and friction coefficients simultaneously. This allows for a better understanding of tablet defects and how ejection speed impacts them.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Frictional forces during tablet ejection are critical for preventing tabletting defects.
  • Previous experimental limitations hindered simultaneous measurement of static and kinetic friction.
  • Understanding these forces is key to optimizing tablet manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel in situ method for simultaneously measuring maximum ejection force, static friction coefficient, and kinetic friction coefficient.
  • To systematically compare these metrics under varying conditions (ejection speed, compaction pressure, material, lubrication).
  • To investigate the influence of ejection speed on tablet chipping and discuss friction coefficient theories.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an in situ measurement technique integrated into standard compaction simulators.
  • Simultaneous measurement of maximum ejection force, static friction coefficient, and kinetic friction coefficient during tablet ejection.
  • Systematic variation of experimental parameters: ejection speed, compaction pressure, material type, and lubrication method.

Main Results:

  • The new method reliably measures ejection force and friction coefficients simultaneously.
  • Ejection speed was identified as a critical factor influencing tablet chipping.
  • Comparison of friction coefficients under various conditions provided insights into their behavior.
  • The study discussed the applicability of Janssen-Walker theory and high static friction coefficients.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method offers a reliable approach for characterizing tablet ejection dynamics.
  • Ejection speed is a crucial parameter that can significantly impact tablet quality, particularly chipping.
  • The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing processes and defect prevention.