Aging Well and Autism: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Future Research

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Autism Spectrum Disorder Aging

Background:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was first identified in the 1940s, leading to early cohorts of autistic individuals now entering older adulthood.
• There is a significant knowledge gap regarding the experiences and outcomes of autistic older adults.
• The concept of "successful aging" is a key model in gerontology for evaluating outcomes in later life.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a framework for understanding and supporting successful aging in older autistic adults.
• To review existing knowledge on aging and autism using a multidomain model of "aging well."
• To identify challenges and future research directions in the field of autism and aging.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of existing literature on aging and autism.
• Utilizing Fernández-Ballesteros' four-domain model of "aging well" (health and functioning, cognitive and physical functioning, positive affect and control, social participation and engagement).
• Examining outcomes across these domains for autistic older adults.

Main Results:

• Autistic older adults generally experience poorer outcomes compared to the general population.
• Findings reveal increased medical conditions, lower adaptive skills, and higher risks of cognitive decline.
• Elevated rates of mental health conditions, reduced quality of life, and limited social participation are prevalent.

Conclusions:

• Autistic older adults face significant challenges across multiple domains of aging.
• The identified patterns of challenges are consistent across varying cognitive abilities and autistic trait profiles.
• Further research is crucial to address the unique needs and enhance the well-being of aging autistic individuals.