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Assessment of Thermal Osteonecrosis during Bone Drilling Using a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model
Yung-Chuan Chen1, Yi-Jung Tsai2, Hao-Yuan Hsiao3,4
1Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan.
Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2024
Summary
Bone drilling generates heat, risking thermal osteonecrosis. Using higher feed force or a two-stage drilling process effectively reduces bone temperature and mitigates this risk.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
Background:
- Bone drilling is crucial for orthopedic implants but generates heat.
- Excessive heat can cause thermal osteonecrosis, leading to implant failure.
- Understanding heat propagation is vital for preventing complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate heat propagation during bone drilling using a finite element model.
- To assess the thermally affected zone (TAZ) and its relation to thermal necrosis.
- To identify parameters influencing bone temperature during drilling.
Main Methods:
- A 3D dynamic elastoplastic finite element model was developed.
- The model simulated heat distribution and temperature rise during bone drilling.
- Key parameters investigated included drill diameter, speed, feed force, and predrilling.
Main Results:
- The finite element model accurately predicted temperature increases.
- Maximum temperature decreased exponentially with radial distance from the drill site.
- Lower feed forces (10-20 N) created a high-risk zone for thermal osteonecrosis within 0.2 mm.
- A two-stage drilling process (2.5 mm pilot hole) reduced maximum temperature by 14 °C.
Conclusions:
- Higher feed force and rotational speed can mitigate bone temperature elevation.
- Two-stage drilling significantly reduces the risk of thermal osteonecrosis.
- Optimizing drilling parameters is essential for safe and effective fracture fixation.
