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Environmental factors affecting female fertility
Anastasia-Konstantina Sakali1, Alexandra Bargiota1, Jelica Bjekic-Macut2
1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Environmental factors and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) negatively impact female fertility, affecting oocyte maturation and implantation. Recognizing these hazards can improve reproductive health for current and future generations.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology and environmental health.
Background:
- Female fertility is significantly impacted by various factors, including environmental exposures.
- Growing interest in understanding female fertility pathology and its contributing elements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on the effects of environmental factors and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on female fertility.
- To explore both direct and indirect impacts on assisted and non-assisted reproduction.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies.
- Searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases until December 2023.
- Included manual scanning of references and focused on EDCs and fertility outcomes, including transgenerational effects.
Main Results:
- Identified associations between environmental factors/EDCs and infertility outcomes.
- Observed impacts on infertility indices, oocyte maturation, ovulation, embryo transport, and implantation.
- Evidence suggests both negative and positive associations.
Conclusions:
- Adverse female fertility outcomes are linked to environmental factors like temperature, pollutants, nutrition, and EDCs.
- Awareness of environmental fertility hazards can lead to reduced exposure.
- Improving female fertility and protecting future generations' health is achievable through environmental management.
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