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Updated: Jun 22, 2025

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Strict association between development of psychological conditions and hypertension incidence: A cross-sectional

Hossein Namdar1, Fatemeh Jamshidi1, Aysa Rezabakhsh1

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran.

Journal of General and Family Medicine
|July 5, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension patients exhibit higher psychological distress than those with heart failure or coronary artery disease. This study highlights the need for further research into the causes of this association.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous research shows links between mental disorders and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), complicating diagnosis.
  • Comorbidities like hypertension (HTN), heart failure (HF), and coronary artery disease (CAD) often coexist.
  • This study aimed to isolate the association between mental disorders and CVD by excluding comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between mental health and cardiovascular conditions.
  • To assess psychological distress in patients with hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease, independent of other conditions.
  • To differentiate the psychological impact of isolated hypertension from other cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 300 participants: 100 with HTN, 100 with HF, 100 with CAD, and 100 healthy controls.
  • Participants were free of other cardiovascular comorbidities (HF, CAD, or HTN, respectively).
  • Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).

Main Results:

  • Hypertension patients reported significantly higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores than the control, CAD, and HF groups (p < 0.001).
  • No significant differences in psychological distress were found between patients with HF or CAD (without HTN) and healthy controls.
  • Psychological distress levels were similar in patients with HF and CAD when hypertension was not a concurrent condition.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is strongly associated with increased psychological distress.
  • The findings suggest a unique relationship between hypertension and mental health.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms driving psychological distress in hypertension.
Abstract

Keywords:
anxietycoronary artery diseasedepressionheart failurehypertensionstress

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