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Community-Level Disadvantage of Adults With Firearm- vs Motor Vehicle-Related Injuries.

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Patients from distressed communities face higher odds of firearm injuries compared to motor vehicle crash injuries. This highlights the need for targeted post-discharge resources for vulnerable populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Social Epidemiology

Background:

  • Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and firearm injuries are leading causes of death in the US.
  • Understanding the link between community disadvantage and injury type is crucial for prevention and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between community-level disadvantage and the likelihood of presenting with firearm versus MVC injuries.
  • To inform mechanism-specific prevention strategies and post-discharge resource allocation.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter cross-sectional study analyzed data from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Firearm Study.
  • Included patients treated for firearm injuries (2021-2022) or MVC injuries (2021) at 104 trauma centers.
  • Community distress was measured using the Distressed Communities Index (DCI) and categorized into quintiles.

Main Results:

  • Patients with firearm injuries were younger, more likely to be male, Black, and uninsured/Medicaid recipients compared to MVC injury patients.
  • Individuals in the most distressed communities had 1.50 times higher odds of presenting with a firearm injury versus an MVC injury.
  • High housing vacancy and poverty rates were significantly associated with increased odds of firearm injury.

Conclusions:

  • Patients from highly distressed communities have a greater likelihood of sustaining firearm injuries over MVC injuries.
  • A significant proportion (54.3%) of firearm injury survivors received no post-discharge services, indicating a need for improved resource allocation.
  • Community-level disadvantage metrics can guide the allocation of post-discharge care resources to patients with the greatest need.