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Updated: Jun 21, 2025
Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
Published on: January 25, 2019
Methodological approaches in graded dental ceramics: a scoping review protocol
Sivaranjani Gali1, Suhasini Gururaja2, Vineetha Karuveettil3,4
1Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India.
This review maps graded dental ceramic methods, properties, and material characteristics. It identifies knowledge gaps in grading development and application for improved dental restorations.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Materials Engineering
- Materials Science
Background:
- Functionally graded materials (FGMs) offer superior mechanical properties by eliminating interfacial stress concentrations, mimicking natural biological structures.
- The application of FGMs in dental ceramics aims to enhance fatigue resistance and overall strength.
- Nature provides examples of FGMs in human teeth, bone, and various bio-tissues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and map the diverse methodological approaches employed in the fabrication of graded dental ceramics.
- To characterize the material properties and performance of these graded ceramic systems.
- To identify existing gaps in research and application concerning graded dental ceramics.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive scoping review following JBI and PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
- Searches conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, ProQuest, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for English-language studies.
- Inclusion of observational, interventional, in vitro, experimental studies, and finite element analysis evaluating stress distribution and mechanical performance of graded dental ceramics.
Main Results:
- The review will synthesize findings on various grading methodologies, material compositions, and layer designs in dental ceramics.
- Analysis will highlight the mechanical properties, including fatigue resistance and strength, achieved through different grading approaches.
- Identified gaps will focus on areas needing further research and development in FGM dental applications.
Conclusions:
- Graded dental ceramics present a promising avenue for enhancing the durability and performance of dental restorations.
- Further research is needed to optimize grading strategies and fully exploit the potential of FGMs in dentistry.
- This review provides a foundational understanding for future development and clinical application of graded dental ceramics.
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