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Family and school influences on cognitive development.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|September 1, 1985
Summary
Environmental factors significantly impact cognitive development, especially in adverse conditions. While typical environments show modest effects on IQ, disadvantaged circumstances have substantial influence.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Cognitive development is shaped by various environmental factors.
- Understanding these influences is crucial for educational and psychological interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review empirical research on family and school influences on cognitive development.
- To assess the impact of diverse environmental conditions on IQ and cognitive abilities.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of empirical findings.
- Analysis of studies on ordinary and abnormal environments.
- Examination of family and school intervention studies.
Main Results:
- Environmental effects on IQ are modest within normal ranges.
- Markedly disadvantageous circumstances have substantial negative effects on cognitive development.
- Both direct and indirect pathways (e.g., self-concept, learning attitudes) mediate environmental influences.
Conclusions:
- Environmental factors play a critical role in cognitive development, particularly under adverse conditions.
- Interventions targeting environmental disadvantages can significantly impact cognitive outcomes.
- Cognitive development is influenced by direct cognitive impacts and indirect psychosocial factors.