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Related Concept Videos

Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

130
The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
The brain organizes this information using concepts, which are mental categories grouping linguistic data,...
130
Natural and Artificial Concepts01:24

Natural and Artificial Concepts

147
In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: natural and artificial. Natural concepts are formed through direct or indirect experiences. For example, consider the concept of snow. If you live in a place with regular snowfall, such as Essex Junction, Vermont, you know snow through direct experiences. You’ve seen it fall, touched it, shoveled it, and played in it. You recognize its texture, appearance, and even its smell. In contrast, if you live on an island like Saint...
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Self-Concept01:19

Self-Concept

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Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
During infancy, self-concept is virtually nonexistent. Babies do not distinguish themselves as separate entities and often mistake their...
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Attitudes01:54

Attitudes

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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Schemata01:17

Schemata

79
A schema is a mental construct that organizes related concepts, allowing the brain to process information efficiently. Upon activation, schemata facilitate assumptions about people or objects.
Two types of schemata are:
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Schemas01:42

Schemas

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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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Related Experiment Video

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NewAbstractConcepts: A Database of 42 Normed Abstract Concepts and Exemplars.

Dounia Lakhzoum1, Marie Izaute1, Ludovic Ferrand1

  • 1Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LAPSCO, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Journal of Cognition
|July 15, 2024
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Researchers created new abstract concepts for word-learning experiments, overcoming challenges with existing materials. This database aids studies on abstract semantic concept learning, controlling for prior knowledge.

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abstract conceptabstractionconcept learningcontextual diversitygeneralization mechanismssimilarity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • Challenges exist in adult word-learning research due to a lack of normed stimulus materials.
  • Existing materials often use low-frequency words, potentially confounding results with prior knowledge.
  • Need for controlled stimuli to investigate abstract concept acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel database of abstract concepts for word-learning experiments.
  • To provide controlled stimuli that minimize the influence of prior knowledge.
  • To facilitate research on the role of similarity and diversity in abstract concept learning.

Main Methods:

  • Creation of 42 novel abstract concepts describing situations without existing English words.
  • Structuring concepts into scenarios with similar and dissimilar exemplars.
  • Norming the database for relatability and similarity across multiple studies.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of a normed database of New Abstract Concepts.
  • Demonstrated utility in a word-learning experiment assessing similarity and diversity effects.
  • Database provides a valuable resource for experimental stimulus selection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed database offers a controlled method for studying abstract word learning in adults.
  • This resource addresses limitations of existing materials, enabling more precise experimental designs.
  • The database is publicly available on OSF for broader research use.