Membrane-mediated modulation of mitochondrial physiology by terahertz waves

Area of Science:

• Biophysics
• Cell Biology
• Electromagnetic Bioeffects

Background:

• Electromagnetic waves at gigahertz and terahertz (THz) frequencies extensively impact cytoplasmic membrane properties.
• Limited evidence exists regarding THz frequency impacts on intracellular membranes, especially mitochondrial membranes vital for cellular physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of continuous 0.1 THz radiation on mitochondrial ultrastructure and function in human neuroblast-like cells.
• To elucidate the specific mechanisms by which THz exposure alters mitochondrial membrane properties, focusing on cardiolipin behavior.

Main Methods:

• Exposure of human neuroblast-like cells to continuous 0.1 THz radiation (33 mW/cm²).
• Analysis of mitochondrial ultrastructure and enzymatic activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
• Molecular dynamics simulations of lipid bilayers containing cardiolipin under THz exposure.

Main Results:

• Significant alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure observed post-THz exposure.
• Enhanced enzymatic activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, yet disrupted supercomplex assembly, leading to compromised mitochondrial respiration.
• Molecular dynamics simulations indicated altered hydrogen bonding and water molecule infiltration in cardiolipin-containing lipid bilayers.

Conclusions:

• Terahertz radiation significantly alters mitochondrial membrane properties, particularly those involving cardiolipin.
• THz exposure impacts mitochondrial physiology by affecting membrane structure and function, compromising cellular respiration.
• Findings provide deeper insight into the bioeffects of THz radiation on intracellular organelles.