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Mortality risk factors in children with influenza-associated encephalopathy admitted to the paediatric intensive care

Jiajia Bi1, Xiaoxin Wu2, Jikui Deng1

  • 1Department of Infection, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|July 18, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) in children has a high mortality rate. Vomiting, loss of consciousness, lymphopenia, elevated ALT, and abnormal serum sodium are key risk factors for death in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is a severe neurological complication of influenza infection in children.
  • IAE can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating identification of risk factors for improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors associated with mortality in children diagnosed with influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 46 pediatric patients with IAE admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital between December 2009 and December 2021.
  • Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors related to mortality.

Main Results:

  • The overall mortality rate for IAE in this cohort was 37.0% (17/46).
  • Patients who died often did so within one week of hospitalization (70.6%).
  • Key risk factors for mortality included vomiting, loss of consciousness, lymphopenia, elevated alanine aminotransferase, and abnormal serum sodium levels.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights a significant mortality rate among pediatric patients with IAE.
  • Clinical manifestations such as vomiting and loss of consciousness, along with laboratory findings like lymphopenia and abnormal liver enzymes or electrolytes, are critical indicators of poor prognosis in IAE.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrenclinical characteristicsdeathencephalopathyinfluenza

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