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Updated: Jun 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation
Published on: November 10, 2023
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia After Breast Radiation Therapy
Mara Caroprese1, Laura Cella2, Angela Barillaro1
1Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
Rheumatoid arthritis and COVID-19 vaccination may increase the risk of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) after breast radiation therapy. This case highlights factors influencing uncommon radiation-induced lung injury.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pulmonology
- Radiology
Background:
- Breast cancer treatment often involves radiation therapy (RT), which can cause lung complications.
- Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is an uncommon but serious side effect of thoracic RT.
Observation:
- A 77-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis developed BOOP after breast-conserving surgery and RT for breast cancer.
- The onset of BOOP coincided with a COVID-19 vaccination campaign.
Findings:
- The patient's rheumatoid arthritis and COVID-19 vaccination may have acted as predisposing factors for BOOP.
- These factors might have triggered a proinflammatory cascade, increasing susceptibility to organizing pneumonia.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of considering patient-specific factors in the occurrence of rare radiation-induced lung morbidities.
- Further research is needed to identify factors that increase sensitivity to radiation and predict the risk of developing BOOP.
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