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Updated: Jun 20, 2025
Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
Published on: October 19, 2017
Compatibility of Dual Rinse 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-Diphosphonic Acid with Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions Containing
Honey Kottathil1, Matthias Zehnder1, Andrea Gubler1
1Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Introduction:
A salt of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) was commercialized some years ago. This so-called Dual Rinse (DR) HEDP has been tested for its combined actions and interactions with pure sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions. The aim of this study was to assess DR interactions with NaOCl solutions containing proprietary additives.
Methods:
Designated endodontic NaOCl solutions that come at 2 different strengths (2% and 5.25%), and without or with additives (Chloraxid and Chloraxid Extra, respectively) were tested. Some of their key chemical and physical properties were determined in the presence or absence of HEDP (9%) in the solution. In addition, soft tissue dissolution efficacy of test and control solutions was assessed in extracted teeth (n = 10 per group, 90 teeth in total).
Results:
The NaOCl content in the 2% Chloraxid solutions was slightly above, that in the 5.25% solutions below the labeled concentration. The additives in the Chloraxid Extra solutions neither altered their surface tension nor their viscosity. The addition of HEDP to any of the tested NaOCl solutions reduced their pH, and increased their surface tension and viscosity. HEDP-induced available chlorine loss over the first hour was similar between all NaOCl solutions. Soft tissue dissolution in the root canals was affected by NaOCl concentration, but neither by any proprietary NaOCl additive in the Chloraxid solutions, nor the addition of DR HEDP.
Conclusions:
Proprietary additives had no influence on any of the tested parameters, including surface tension of the "Extra" solutions. The increased viscosity of combined NaOCl/HEDP solutions deserves further attention.
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