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Catatonia: A Narrative Review for Hospitalists.
Alyssa C Smith1, Emily G Holmes1
1Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.
American Journal of Medicine Open
|July 22, 2024
Summary
Hospitalists must recognize catatonia, a psychomotor syndrome often caused by medical conditions. Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause are crucial for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Internal Medicine
- Neurology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Catatonia is a complex psychomotor syndrome frequently linked to psychiatric disorders.
- On medical floors, catatonia often indicates an underlying medical or neurological cause.
- Delayed diagnosis of catatonia can lead to severe medical complications and poorer patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a practical review of catatonia diagnosis, workup, and management for hospitalized patients.
- To equip internists with the knowledge to recognize and initiate treatment for catatonia.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on catatonia in medical hospital settings.
- Emphasis on diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Catatonia in medical patients frequently stems from non-psychiatric etiologies.
- Medical catatonia may not respond to standard benzodiazepine treatment.
- Prompt identification of the underlying medical cause is essential for effective management.
Conclusions:
- Internists play a vital role in identifying catatonia on medical wards.
- Increased awareness and knowledge empower internists to initiate timely and appropriate interventions.
- Focusing on the underlying medical etiology is key to successful catatonia treatment.
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