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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2025

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Melatonin in Human Milk: A Scoping Review.

Flávia S Oliveira1, Kirsten Dieckman2, Dalete Mota2

  • 1University Center of Mineiros - UNIFIMES, Trindade, Brazil.

Biological Research for Nursing
|July 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melatonin in human milk is higher at night and in colostrum, influencing infant development. Understanding its patterns is key for maternal-infant health interventions.

Keywords:
human milkmelatoninmothersnewbornreview

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Human Lactation
  • Infant Development

Background:

  • Melatonin is crucial for circadian rhythm regulation and infant development.
  • Human milk is a significant source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for infants.
  • Understanding melatonin's role in human milk is vital for maternal-infant health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review on the presence and effects of melatonin in human milk.
  • To summarize current knowledge on melatonin secretion patterns in human milk.
  • To identify factors influencing melatonin levels and their clinical implications.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.
  • Searched multiple databases including PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science.
  • Included 29 studies published between 1993 and 2023, in English, Spanish, or Portuguese.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin concentration in human milk is consistently higher during the night and in colostrum.
  • Analysis methods for melatonin have evolved, with recent advancements improving accuracy.
  • Factors like delivery type, maternal age, and health conditions complexly influence melatonin levels.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamic presence of melatonin in human milk impacts infant health and development.
  • Standardization of melatonin analysis methods is necessary for reliable research.
  • Nurses can utilize this knowledge for interventions promoting circadian cycle regulation in newborns.