Case report: Pellagra presentation with dermatitis and dysphagia.

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Science
• Dermatology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Pellagra is a disease resulting from niacin (vitamin B3) or tryptophan deficiency.
• Classic symptoms include dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia, but presentations vary.
• Early diagnosis is vital to prevent severe complications and mortality.

Observation:

• A case of pellagra is presented in a woman with characteristic skin hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis.
• The patient experienced progressive dysphagia but reported no diarrhea or neurological/psychiatric symptoms.
• This atypical presentation highlights the diverse clinical manifestations of pellagra.

Findings:

• The patient's symptoms were consistent with pellagra despite the absence of typical gastrointestinal and neurological signs.
• Niacin supplementation was administered as treatment.
• The patient showed significant improvement and recovery following niacin therapy.

Implications:

• Dermatitis and dysphagia can be the sole presenting symptoms of pellagra.
• A high index of suspicion is necessary for dermatologists and gastroenterologists to diagnose pellagra early.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing pellagra and improving patient outcomes.