Relationship of Genetic Polymorphisms and Microbial Composition with Binge Eating Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Genetics
• Microbiology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• The intestine-brain axis regulates appetite, but genetic factors and diet can disrupt this circuit, leading to food addiction and satiety issues.
• Patients often seek biological explanations for binge eating disorder (BED) and compulsive eating when traditional psychological or nutritional approaches fail.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review genetic and microbiota studies from the past 12 years (2012-present) to identify genes and microbes associated with BED or compulsive eating.
• To explore the biological predispositions underlying these eating disorders, with or without obesity.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature review following the PRISMA statement.
• Searched PubMed, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases from 2012 to the present.
• Analyzed 24 international articles, including cross-sectional and exploratory studies.

Main Results:

• Nineteen studies identified genetic polymorphisms linked to BED/compulsive eating, including DRD2, OPRM1, COMT, MC4R, BNDF, FTO, SLC6A3, GHRL, CARTPT, MCHR2, and LRP11.
• Five studies focused on microbial composition, suggesting a role for gut microbiota in these disorders.
• A significant increase in relevant studies and potential markers has been observed in the last four years.

Conclusions:

• Genetic polymorphisms and gut microbiota are implicated in binge eating disorder and compulsive eating.
• Further research is crucial, integrating genetic, microbial, and psychosocial factors to understand and treat these conditions.
• Recent findings indicate a growing body of evidence supporting biological underpinnings for eating disorders.