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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Variation of Atmospheric Pressure01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

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Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions
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High-resolution surface temperature changes for Portugal under CMIP6 future climate scenarios.

D Carvalho1

  • 1CESAM - Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. david.carvalho@ua.pt.

Scientific Reports
|July 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Continental Portugal faces significant future warming, with temperature increases projected across all regions. Extreme heat events and tropical nights will become more frequent, while frost days decrease, impacting various sectors.

Keywords:
CMIP6Climate changeGlobal warmingMPI-ESM-1.2-HRPortugalWRF

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Meteorology

Background:

  • Understanding future climate change impacts is crucial for adaptation and mitigation strategies.
  • High-resolution climate projections are essential for regional impact assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate future temperature changes in continental Portugal using the latest climate scenarios.
  • To project the frequency of extreme temperature events under different climate pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution future climate projections from the IPCC AR6 CMIP6 scenarios.
  • Analyzed projected changes in mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures.
  • Assessed the projected frequency of hot days, very hot days, tropical nights, and frost days.

Main Results:

  • Substantial increases in mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures are projected for all of continental Portugal, especially in south-central inland regions.
  • Under SSP3-7.0, near-term warming is projected at 1-2°C. Long-term, SSP5-8.5 projects warming of 2.5-3.5°C.
  • Increases in hot days (35-40 days/year), very hot days (12-15 days/year), and tropical nights (50 days/year) are expected, with a decrease in frost days in mountainous areas.

Conclusions:

  • Continental Portugal is projected to experience significant surface temperature increases and a higher frequency of extreme temperature events.
  • These changes pose severe risks to the population, environment, economy, and critical activities like agriculture.
  • The findings underscore the need for proactive climate adaptation measures.